The fundamental source of all processes in living system is force. Force is required to maintain the balance between the external and internal environment of any living system. Cells have the ability to sense and respond to the forces. Cells perform different activities such as migration and interaction with extracellular ligand. While performing all these vital functions required of normal development and maintenance of homeostasis, cells perform a myriad of feedback mechanisms in order to adjust with the mechanics to correlate with the physiological needs of the cell. Hence, in a nutshell, cells have a dynamic reciprocation of exertion and resistance force to tune with the material properties of the extracellular matrix and help to assert physical interactive forces with the neighboring cells or with the extracellular milieu. Consequently, it is essential to measure these cellular forces to understand different functions and properties of the cell. Cellular forces are not evenly distributed in space and vary according to the substrate. When cells are cultivated on a specific substrate, especially when grown in-vitro, the forces, also known as cell traction forces, are exerted by the cells at localized regions known as focal adhesion sites which is subsequently attributed to the physical properties of the cell and the substrate interaction.
